Application of Cartilage Grafts in Functional and Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Clinical Outcomes and Associated Complications

Abstract

Cartilage grafting is a fundamental component of modern functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty, providing structural support, improving nasal airflow, and enabling precise contouring of nasal anatomy. Autologous cartilage, most harvested from the nasal septum, auricle, or rib, remains the gold standard due to its biocompatibility and low risk of immunologic reactions. However, each donor site is associated with distinct biomechanical properties and complication profiles, which influence surgical outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty, with particular attention to functional results, aesthetic satisfaction, and postoperative complications. A structured analysis of contemporary literature demonstrates that the use of cartilage grafts significantly enhances both nasal function and aesthetic outcomes, especially in complex and revision cases. Septal cartilage is generally preferred for primary procedures, while auricular and costal cartilage are utilized in cases requiring additional volume or structural reinforcement. Despite overall favorable outcomes, complications such as graft resorption, warping, infection, and contour irregularities remain clinically relevant. The findings highlight the importance of individualized graft selection and meticulous surgical technique to optimize results and minimize adverse events.