Respiratory distress syndrome in children

Abstract

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in children represents a complex clinical condition characterized by impaired gas exchange and increased work of breathing. Although typically associated with prematurity, respiratory distress may occur in term neonates and older children due to surfactant deficiency, pulmonary infection, congenital anomalies, and systemic disorders. Early recognition is essential because delayed diagnosis significantly increases morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, complications, and evidence-based management strategies for RDS in pediatric patients.