Gastritis, gastroduodenitis, and peptic ulcer in children

Abstract

Gastritis, gastroduodenitis, and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) represent common upper gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric populations, characterized by inflammation and mucosal injury of the stomach and duodenum. The most prevalent etiological factor is Helicobacter pylori infection, although non-infectious causes such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, and dietary factors also play important roles. Clinical manifestations include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding in severe cases. Endoscopy, non-invasive H. pylori testing, and clinical findings all contribute to the diagnosis. Acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H. pylori elimination with antibiotic regimens are the primary components of management. With early detection and appropriate treatment, prognosis is generally excellent. This article reviews the current understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approach, and treatment of gastritis, gastroduodenitis, and peptic ulcer disease in children.