Anca-associated vasculitis (AAV)
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Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune small-vessel illness characterized by inflammatory and necrotizing vasculitis of blood vessels, primarily the kidneys, lungs, and upper respiratory tract. The clinical spectrum includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of AAV are addressed in this paper, with a focus on immunopathogenic mechanisms and targeted pharmacologic treatment. The review synthesizes data from current medical literature to create efficient treatment regimes, such as corticosteroids, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide, and to highlight ongoing concerns such as avoiding relapse and chronic toxicity. Outcomes demonstrate that early detection and individually customized immunosuppressive treatment significantly improve patient results and survival.
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References
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