Asherman’s syndrome an overview

Abstract

Asherman’s syndrome is an acquired gynecological disorder characterized by the formation of intrauterine adhesions following damage to the endometrial lining. Although not a life-threatening condition, it carries significant implications for menstrual health, fertility, and overall quality of life. Most cases arise after uterine instrumentation, particularly dilatation and curettage performed in the postpartum or post-abortal period. Historically underrecognized, the syndrome gained clinical importance after Joseph Asherman established its association with endometrial trauma and reproductive dysfunction. Advances in hysteroscopic techniques have improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes, allowing direct visualization and targeted treatment of adhesions. Despite these advances, Asherman’s syndrome remains underdiagnosed, especially in regions with limited access to specialized gynecological care. This article reviews the historical background, epidemiology, etiological factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, risk factors, and current management strategies of Asherman’s syndrome, emphasizing the importance of prevention, early detection, and individualized treatment to preserve reproductive potential and uterine function.