Agricultural pesticides (organophosphates/carbamates), irritant substances, carbon monoxide poisoning

Abstract

Agricultural pesticides, irritant substances, and carbon monoxide are common causes of chemical poisoning with significant health impacts. Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to cholinergic toxicity affecting the nervous system. Irritant substances primarily cause inflammatory damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, with severity depending on exposure intensity and duration. Carbon monoxide poisoning results in tissue hypoxia due to formation of carboxyhemoglobin and impaired cellular respiration. Early recognition, prompt treatment, and preventive measures are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these toxic exposures.