Obstetrics&Gynaecology: Amenorrhea-etiopathogenesis, management&emerging therapies

Abstract

Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation in women of reproductive age and is a common gynecological complaint. It may be physiological or pathological and reflects disruption at any level of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian–uterine axis. Amenorrhea is classified into primary and secondary types. Proper evaluation and timely management are essential to restore menstrual function, maintain fertility, and prevent long-term complications. Untreated amenorrhea can lead to long-term complications such as infertility, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and psychological distress.Management strategies should be individualized, addressing both the underlying cause and the patient’s reproductive goals.