Neurological disorders on the background of degeneration of the cervical spine in the post-Covid period
Article Sidebar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Main Article Content
Abstract
It is known that the "consequences" of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be various pain syndromes. Myalgias and arthralgias occur in 50-90% of patients in the acute period of COVID-19. Chronification occurs with the obligatory involvement of the autonomic nervous system), degenerative and inflammatory changes in the musculoskeletal system, immune disorders, organic damage to all parts of the nervous system. It is known that 1-2 months after the end of the acute period of infection, musculoskeletal pain was noted in 30%-50% of patients, or its exacerbation occurs.
The study included 65 patients with pain syndrome in the upper body, which persisted, arose, or intensified after the acute period of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pain was the main complaint against the background of the identified dystrophic changes in the cervical spine. Cervical pain in combination with pain in the upper back (49.2%) and irradiation to the upper extremities (49.2%) prevailed. Myalgia also occurred 2 times more often than in the control. Headache (76.9%) was also combined with neck pain. Vestibular disorders (58.5%) of a non-systemic nature had vegetative-vascular and reflex mechanisms. Neurological symptoms were the leading clinical manifestations of damage to all parts of the nervous system. Cervical stenosis according to the Pavlov-Torg index was reliable manifestations of degenerative neck damage (75.4%) with a maximum at the C6 level. Thus, a multilevel assessment of the patient's condition and a rehabilitation strategy for pain syndromes, prevention of exacerbations of vertebrogenic neurological pathology are required.
Article Details
References
Lahiri D, Ardila A. COVID-19 pandemic: A neurological perspective. Cureus. 2020;29;12(4):e7889. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7889; DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7889
Javed A. Neurological associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021;16. doi: 10.2174/1871527320666210216121211; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527320666210216121211
Bandeira I.P, Schlindwein M.A.M, Breis L.C, Peron J.P.S,
Gonçalves M.V.M. Neurological complications of the COVID-19 pandemic: What have we got so far? Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1321:21-31. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_2
Weng LM, Su X, Wang XQ. Pain symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A literature review. J Pain Res. 2021;26;14:147-159. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S269206
Walitt B, Bartrum E. A clinical primer for the expected and potential post-COVID-19 syndromes. Pain Rep. 2021;16;6(1):e887. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000887
Oronsky B, Larson C, Hammond TC, Oronsky A, Kesari S, Lybeck M, et al. A review of persistent post-COVID syndrome (PPCS). Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;20:1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3
Marinangeli F, Giarratano A, Petrini F. Chronic pain and COVID-19: Pathophysiological, clinical and organizational issues. Minerva Anestesiol. 2020. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.20.15029-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.20.15029-6
Kemp Н, Corner Е, Colvin L. Chronic pain after COVID-19: Implications for rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(4):436-440. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.021
Galal I, Mohamed Hussein A, Amin M, Saad MM, Zayan HEE, Abdelsayed MZ, et al. Determinants of persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms: Value of a novel COVID-19 symptom score. The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology. 2021;15:10. doi: 10.1186/s43168-020-00049-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-020-00049-4
Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;11;324(6):603-605. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603
Halpin S, McIvor C, Whyatt G, Adams A, Harvey O, McLean L, et al. Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1013-1022. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26368
Jacobs L, Paleoudis E, Bari D, Nyirenda T, Friedman T, Gupta A, et al. Persistence of symptoms and quality of life at 35 days after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. PLoS One. 2020;11;15(12):e0243882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243882
Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo P, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sq. 2021:rs.3.rs-266574. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-266574/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-266574/v1
Attal N, Martinez V, Bouhassira D. Potential for increased prevalence of neuropathic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic. Pain Rep. 2021;6(1):e884. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000884
Li Y, Scherer N, Felix L, Kuper H. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0246454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246454
Стоянов О.М. Нейровегетологія нейропатичного болю, Учбовий посібник: Київ, 2015., 40 с.
Parisi S, Borrelli R, Bianchi S, Fusaro E. Viral arthritis and COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(11):e655-e657. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30348-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30348-9
Hypocalcemia in COVID-19: Prevalence, clinical significance and therapeutic implications / L. di Filippo, M. Doga, S. Frara,
A. Giustina // Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. - 2022. - Vol. 23 (2). - P. 299‒308. - DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09655-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09655-z
Vitamin D Deficiency and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients /A. Radujkovic, T. Hippchen, S. Tiwari-Heckler [et al.] // Nutrients. - 2020. -
Vol. 12 (9). - Article ID: 2757. - DOI: 10.3390/nu12092757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092757
Serum calcium and Vitamin D levels: correlation with severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in Royal Hospital, Oman / W. Osman, F. Al Fahdi, I. Al Salmi [et al.] // International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 2021. - Vol. 107. - P. 153‒163. - DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.050
COVID-19 and Vitamin D- a Systematic Review / T. Jordan, D. Siuka, N. K. Rotovnik, M. Pfeifer // ZdravstvenoVarstvo. - 2022. -
Vol. 61(2). - P. 124‒132. - DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2022-0017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2022-0017
Pavlov, H., Torg, J.S., Robie, B., & Jahre, C. (1987). Cervical spinal stenosis. Determination with vertebral body ratio method. Radiology, 164(3), 771–775 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.164.3.3615879
Андреєва Т.О., Стоянов О.М., Мірджураєв Е.М., Чеботарьова Г.М., Калашніков В.Й., Вастьянов Р.С., Дарій В.І. Клініко-морфометричні зміни шийного відділу хребта в людей і тварин з болем у шиї. Біль. Суглоби. Хребет / Pain. Joints. Spine. Том 14, № 3, 2024; 51-58. https://doi.org/10.22141/pjs.14.3.2024.430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22141/pjs.14.3.2024.430
Andreyeva, T.O., Stoyanov, O.M., Chebotaryova, G.M.,
Kalashnikov, V.I., Vastyanov, R.S., & Mashchenko, S.S. (2023). Densitometric correlates of degenerative-dystrophic processes in cervical vertebrae of humans and domestic animals. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 14(3), 386–392. doi:10.15421/022357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022357
Andreyeva, T.O., Stoyanov, O.M., Chebotaryova, G.M., Vastyanov, R.S., Kalashnikov, V.I., & Stoyanov, A.O. (2022). Comparative clinical and morphometric investigations of cervical stenosis of the spinal canal in humans and dogs. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 13(3), 301–307. doi:10.15421/022239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15421/022239
Andreyeva T.O., Stoyanov O.M., Chebotaryova H.M., Manicheva N.V., Kokidko LA. Comparison of morphometric, densitometrical data in the examination of the cervical spine of mammals. The 6th International scientific and practical conference “Science and technology: problems, prospects and innovations” (March 16-18, 2023) CPN Publishing Group, Osaka, Japan. 2023. 13-15
Формалізована оцінка стану хворого за допомогою шкал при основних внутрішніх хворобах : посібник / Укладачі : Кривенко В.І.,
Пахомова С.П., Федорова О.П., Колесник М.Ю., Качан І.С.,
Непрядкіна І.В., Гріненко Т.Ю., Демченко А.В. Запоріжжя : Запорізький державний медичний університет, 2015. 97 с.
Савченко В.М., Харченко Г.Д., Керестей В.В., Буряк О.Ю.,
Погребняк Ю.М. Київський університет імені Бориса Грінченка, м. Київ, Україна, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2522-1795.2023.14.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2522-1795.2023.14.11
Ivchenko G.I., Medvedev Yu.I., Mathematical Statistics: Textbook,.: Book House. "LIBROCOM", 2020. 219.
Narkevich I.A., Zubov N.N., Kuvakin V.I. Statistics in biomedicine, pharmacy and pharmaceuticals. Manual.: KnoРus, 2019. 300 p.
Holck P. Cervikalcolumnas anatomi [Anatomy of the cervical spine]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2010 Jan 14;130(1):29-32. Norwegian. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0296. PMID: 20094120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.09.0296
Hautier L., Weisbecker V., Sánchez-Villagra M.R. et.all. Skeletal development in sloths and the evolution of mammalian vertebral patterning // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 2010, 107 (44). — P. 18903—18908. — doi:10.1073/pnas.1010335107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010335107
Kaiser, J.T., Reddy, V., & Lugo-Pico, J.G. Anatomy, Head and Neck: Cervical Vertebrae. [Updated 2022 Oct 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539734/
Bland, J.H. & Boushey, D.R. (1990). Anatomy and physiology of the cervical spine. Semin Arthritis Rheum., 20(1):1-20. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(90)90090-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-0172(90)90090-3
Kyungmin Han, Soon Tae You, Ho Jin Lee, Il Sup Kim, Jae Taek Hong & Jae Hoon Sung Hounsfield unit measurement method and related factors that most appropriately reflect bone mineral density on cervical spine computed tomography Skeletal Radiology volume 51, pages1987–1993 (2022) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-022-04050-4
Ordway N.R, Lu Y.M, Zhang X., et al. Correlation of cervical endplate strength with CT measured subchondral bone density. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(12):2104–2109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-007-0482-z
Kandziora F, Pflugmacher R, Scholz M, et al. Comparison between sheep and human cervical spines: an anatomic, radiographic, bone mineral density, and biomechanical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001;26(9):1028–1037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200105010-00008
Weishaupt D, Schweitzer M.E, DiCuccio M.N, et al. Relationships of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar bone mineral density by quantitative CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001;25(1):146–150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200101000-00027
Yoganandan N, Pintar F.A, Stemper B.D, et al. Trabecular bone density of male human cervical and lumbar vertebrae. Bone. 2006;39(2):336–344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.160
Yoganandan N, Pintar F.A, Stemper B.D, et al. Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31(1):73–76 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000192684.12046.93