Integrated assessment of ecosystem stability in the Hyrcanian forests of the Lankaran region, Azerbaijan

Abstract

This paper examines the stability of Hyrcanian forest ecosystems based on field observations of the relict oak Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. conducted in the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan. The study was carried out in two forest biotopes. that differ in soil type and moisture regime: humid mountain-forest brown soils and comparatively drier mountain-forest brownish soils. The assessment was based on a combination of plant and soil indicators reflecting ecosystem stability under contrasting environmental conditions.

The condition of Q. castaneifolia was evaluated using leaf biometric measurements and analysis of fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of developmental stability. To characterize the role of the species in ecosystem processes, the amount of wet and dry leaf litter was determined as a key source of organic matter input. In addition, microbiological analyses of soil samples were performed to assess the activity. and composition of soil microbial communities involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling.

The results show that Q. castaneifolia develops more steadily on humid brown soils, with larger leaves, lower asymmetry values, higher litter accumulation, and greater microbial activity. In contrast, trees growing on brownish soils display signs of increased environmental stress. Overall, the findings demonstrate that a combined. The plant-soil approach provides a reliable basis for evaluating the resilience of Hyrcanian forest ecosystems.