The influence of macro- and microelements on the production process of spring barley on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil
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Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at “Agroviva” LLC (Zhytomyr region, Ukraine) to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilization intensity and foliar micronutrient application on the productivity and grain quality of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Belkano) grown on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. Spring barley productivity showed a strong dependence on soil nutrient supply. Mineral fertilization at rates of N46Р24К24 and N69Р36К36 increased yields by 53.1% and 74.4%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized control (2.77 t ha⁻¹). Foliar feeding with the chelated complex Nais Zernovi provided an additional 6–9% yield gain, resulting in a maximum yield of 5.26 t ha⁻¹ (+90% vs. control). Mineral fertilization explained 80% of yield variability, confirming its dominant role. Enhanced nutrient supply improved plant height (+2–4%), ear length (+24–32%), kernel number (+14–15%), and 1000-grain weight (+11.7%), indicating better nutrient assimilation and assimilate redistribution. Grain quality also improved under balanced nutrition: protein content increased by 3–4%, and grain nature (density) by about 4% (+24 g L⁻¹), with foliar micronutrients contributing an additional +5–7 g L⁻¹. The combined application of macro- and micronutrients (N69Р36К36 + Nais Zernovi) proved the most effective strategy for maximizing yield stability and grain quality of spring barley under light-textured soils.
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