Advancements in diagnostic technologies for chagas disease: a comprehensive review
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Abstract
Background: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, poses a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 8 million infected individuals globally. While traditionally confined to Latin America, migration has introduced the disease to non-endemic regions. Early and accurate detection is critical for effective treatment and control, particularly in asymptomatic and chronic cases. Recent advancements in diagnostic technologies have enhanced sensitivity and specificity but face challenges in global implementation and accessibility. Methodology: A review was conducted following the SANRA guidelines. Studies were identified through PubMed and Google Scholar using a PICO framework, focusing on diagnostic advancements such as chimeric antigens, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA), and novel methodologies like Human Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG1. Inclusion criteria prioritized research on diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and barriers to implementation in both endemic and non-endemic settings. Objective: This review aims to evaluate recent diagnostic advancements for Chagas disease, highlighting their potential for improving early detection while addressing barriers to widespread implementation. Discussion: Advancements such as IBMP chimeric antigens and improved ELISA and WB assays have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy. RDTs offer accessible solutions for remote and low-resource settings. However, barriers persist, including high costs, infrastructure limitations, and regulatory inconsistencies. Emerging innovations like bioluminescent models and CRISPR-based tools hold promise for enhancing diagnostic capacity. Collaborative efforts are essential to bridge gaps in accessibility and ensure the global implementation of these technologies.
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References
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