CLASSIFICATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN LINGUISTICS

. Phraseology is a field of linguistics that studies the current state and historical development of the phraseological system. Phraseological units are the object of research in phraseology. The subject of phraseology as a branch of linguistics is the study of the categorical features of phraseological units, on the basis of which the main features of phraseology are distinguished and the essence of phraseological units as special units of language is solved. In particular, to determine the regularities of the phraseological units in speech and the processes of their formation. However, despite the large number of studies on the main issues of phraseology, there is still no unified approach to the definition of the phraseological unit of language.

There are many definitions of the term "phraseological unit".According to A.V. Kunin, "Phraseological units are fixed combinations of lexemes with completely or partially rethought meaning."V.M. Mokienko says that a phraseological unit is a relatively stable, repetitive, expressive combination of lexemes with a single meaning.
Since phraseological units are known as language units along with words and morphemes, some researchers include phraseological units in the vocabulary of the language, and phraseological units are considered equivalents of words.As a result, the theory of word equivalence of phraseological units deserves special attention.
Returning to the theory of identification of expressions developed by S. Balli, he noted that one of the most common features of the phraseological sequence, which replaces all others, is the possibility or impossibility of replacing one simple word with another turn.Charles Bally called such a word "word identifier." S. Balli considers the existence of such a synonym as an internal sign of the integrity of phraseological units.In this regard, there are some objections.V.P. Zhukov notes that "the semantic integrity of a phraseological unit cannot be determined in this way, because variable combinations of words can also contain synonymous words."For example, in Russian: to sleep forever -to die; side by side -close.

English:
uchinbaxsabit -to look (look carefully -look); suffering -from pain (suffering from body and soul -getting sick).
In addition, many phraseological units do not have descriptive words, but can be identified using variable word combinations, for example, in Russian: behind the seven towers -well hidden; English: drink as much as a fish (drink deeply -drink a lot); on a small scale in a small way (modestly -to be at the lowest level).
It should also be taken into account that phraseological units with a sentence structure, ie.Proverbs and parables can be identified only with the help of sentences, for example, in Russian: Hold on to the bull's horns -don't be afraid to start a business; English: The feathers gather together -(the fisherman sees the fisherman from afarpeople with similar interests, attracted to each other and close to each other) .JI.V. Sherba used the term "word equivalent."The researcher said that such a group of words expresses a concept and is a potential equivalent of the word.Thus, if a group of close words is an expression, it can express a concept.
The problem of "phraseology and word" emphasizes two directions: the lexical understanding of phraseology as an integral part of lexicology, the broad understanding of phraseological units as word equivalents and phraseology as an independent science.Some proponents of the theory of complete equivalence consider phraseological units to be lexical units that need special classification and should be classified in the same way as words.A.İ. Smirnitsky includes phraseology in lexicology.He recognizes phraseological units as "equivalents of words."The scholar further notes that phraseological units can be referred to the field of vocabulary, "but it is more correct to distinguish the system of phraseological units as a special field in the lexical system of language."Thus, the separate formation of phraseological units is the main difference from the whole word, which is characterized by their integral formation.The main feature that distinguishes phraseological units from words and phrases formed in the speech process is idiomatics.However, it should be borne in mind that "phraseological units must be distinguished from a special type of idiomatic expressions which can be called appropriate idioms."N.N.Amosova in her work, Amosova is skeptical of the theory of word equivalence of phraseological units, noting "the relativity of phraseological units to word equivalence and even different degrees of this relative equivalence depending on the type of phraseological units."In this regard, N.M.Shansky.The scientist describes the relationship of words and phraseological units as follows: "words belong to most phraseological units as low-repetition language units, higher reproducible language units: words are important elementary units of language, morphemes, phraseological units are components of oral character".N.M.Shansky also focuses on the different grammatical arrangements of words and phraseological units, where the former are "single compounds, while phraseological units act as separate compounds in language."According to the researcher, phraseological units have a number of specific features that distinguish them from freely meaningful words and expressions.Phraseological sequences are linguistic units that have certain differential features with a certain affinity with words and free combinations of words: 1) these are ready-made language units that do not appear in the process of communication, but are completely removed from the memory of the speakers; 2) these are language units characterized by stability of meaning, composition and structure; 3) from the accentological point of view, as well as sound complexes in which the components have two or more main voltages; 4) these are segmented formations, the components of which are perceived by the speakers as words.
Therefore, phraseological units are units that have only the sum of the listed features.Thus, "any semantic unit consisting of two or more stressed components of the oral character, repeated in the finished form, is a phraseological unit."Thus, based on the analysis of the points of view of individual scholars, we believe that the word equivalence of phraseological units can also be recognized by their relation to language and speech; Phraseology and words are linguistic units used in speech as a unit of nomination.It is devoted to the systematic study of phraseological units in English, as well as expressiveness and emotionality.The In order to expand the above tasks, descriptive, comparative methods and multi-stage descriptive analysis method are used in this work, which allows to reveal the figurative content of phraseological units.To address these issues, a number of contextual concepts need to be clarified.For this purpose, the theoretical research of our and foreign scholars who have contributed to the study of phraseology and context was used.These are the works of V.V. Vinoqradova, A.V. Kunin, M.Riffater, N.N.Amosova and others.
The relevance of the undergraduate work is determined by the growing interest of researchers in a phenomenon such as the stylistic functions of phraseological units; their expressiveness and emotionality.
The article discusses the features of the linguistic features of phraseology, the linguistic essence of phraseology, the classification of phraseological units, combinations and combinations.
In the second chapter, the means of expression are analyzed as an integral part of phraseology.Stylistic context theory is emphasized.Syntactic and phonetic means of expression are also taken into account.
However, phraseology is also isolated as an independent science.Scholars believe that "Phraseology, as a linguistic discipline, is still in a secret stage of development, it has not been formed as a mature fruit of preparatory work ... and we must distinguish such a discipline, because it is clear that everyone's amateur despair is random in lexicography, style, syntax.failure of random analysis ".In the science of phraseology, with the general definition of a phraseological unit as a special unit of language (ie, having its own categorical features that distinguish it from other units), the transfer of other linguistic features in the characteristics of its individual aspects.units -words or word combinations -were observed.For its time -the period of formation of the science of phraseology, the period of clarification of its subject and object -such a method of studying the phraseological unit was quite justified, and probably the only possible.Moreover, such an approach to the phraseological unit helped to determine its categorical originality as a specific unit of language.
Modern science has proved that the phraseological unit must represent all their known forms in the language.But so far it is not possible to solve this problem due to limited information about the paradigmatic forms of nominal and verbal phraseological units.However, when describing the grammatical features of a phraseological unit, the grammatical features of the word are still transmitted to it, because the lexical and grammatical features of the phraseological unit are either by type of word combinations (grammatically main component, syntactic models, etc.) or by word grammatical features.(equivalent to a word, as a specially structured word, typologically homogeneous in a word, etc.) or in connection with a combination.to one degree or another from these two approaches.Unlike lexicology, which studies the vocabulary of individual words and language, phraseology studies units of language that do not consist of a single word: fixed non-free expressions -combinations, phraseological units (idioms), idioms and proverbs.words, speech clichés and phrases.schemes, etc.
Phraseological units can perform the functions of different parts of speech, for example: noun (essential phraseological units): Kazan orphan, dog in the stable (dog in the stable); verb: to beat buckets, to drink to all s blue (to drink to a green snake), to drink smb.Under the table (to drink one), to light a candle at both ends (to burn the soul),; adjective: (adjective phraseological units): drunk like a violinist (drunk like a white, like a boiled owl -drunk stuffing); word: have mercy on me! (like this!); envelopes (envelope phraseological units): one s cups (drunk), without fatigue; over the head and so on.
The main features of phraseological units are: complex in composition, semantically indivisible, characterized by the stability of the composition (although some phraseological units have variants, for example, from my heart), repetition in speech (the word "bosom" includes the word "friend") , the impermissibility of the structure (you can't add or remove any elements), the stability of the grammatical form (each part of the sentence has a certain grammatical form that cannot be changed), for example, "thumbs" (you can't say "thumbs"), word order is stable.Like words, phraseological units are: stylistically neutral or general (used in various speech styles without any restrictions): periodically keep the word in a stylistic color (characterized by belonging to some) functional style speech): do not pour water from a duck's back like water -speech style, center of gravity -scientific style, well-meaning peoplejournalistic style, presumption of innocence -formal work style).The use of phraseological units gives speech brightness, vitality, expressiveness; often, especially in journalism, there is a revision of phraseological units, their renewal, which is a special style tool.When using phraseological units in speech, it is necessary to be sure of the correctness of its reproduction and to know its meaning.
Scholars approached the development of the basic concepts of English phraseology in different ways.According to the theory of Academician V.V. Vinogradova "Phraseology, unlike free, syntactic expressions, is a branch of linguistics that studies fixed word complexes, such as ready-made language combinations that are not created but repeated in speech."Thus, based on the above interpretation of phraseology, free word combinations should be distinguished from fixed word combinations.So, free expressions are called stable, and ready-made, stereotypical expressions are called stable.
direct task of the research is to consider the ways of expression of the expressiveemotional function of phraseological units in the literary text.It should solve the following tasks of a more specific nature: 1. to determine the systematization of phraseology as a linguistic science; To observe the stylistic color of phraseological units, phraseological combinations and phraseological combinations; Describe possible cases of fragmentation of phraseological units; Emphasize stylistic context theory; Conduct stylistic analysis of phraseological units and their activity in the context; to consider special cases of convergence of means of expression as an integral part of phraseology.