INFORMATION AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES

. Today, in the modern world, the rapid development of science and technology is developing and new discoveries are being made. Information Technology is one of the main directions of this development and is a field closely related to most companies. The application of each product in this field creates great conditions in the work of the field. even today, the use of all information technologies is developing rapidly. And people who do not know these features of technology are not looking back, they are making the right actions for the future and working in this way. that humanity is headed for a path of development with no end in sight. What is interesting is that the time spent by people on the work they did before is less than the impact of the development of modern technology, in addition to the feature of additional time thinness, it has created conditions for the management of their own living, which is used for the improvement of living conditions. What is this way of development developing from? Increasingly, science does not give rise to new scientific technical revolution in anyone.


Introduction
The scientific-technical revolution is a new scientifictechnical product, due to the fundamental change of science, technology, production technology, as well as the entire lifestyle of people, related to the transformation of science into a decisive factor of social development as a direct productive force.help is provided.
Its development was first of all in the late 19th -early 20th century, the achievements in the exact and natural sciences were the discovery of the electron, the phenomenon of radioactivity, the transformation of chemical elements, the emergence of the important field of relativity and the quantum role, and the quantum object.The forms of communication between science and technology are divided into three periods: a) in the first period, until the 18th century, science and technology appeared as two different and independent areas of human activity, and the relationship between them you are weak, the application of science to production cannot be applied.During this period, science lags behind technology and was slow to explain achievements.Technical invention was peculiar to questions, not to scientists; b) in the second period, until the 40s of the 20th century, the levels of development of science and technology are equalized, and science meets the demands of technology more.experiments have been successful.The electronics and computer programming of the 1970s was developed.The "revolutionary base" of the 1950s and 1970s, which was truly a breakthrough, was used to further improve and develop.The use of Maxwell-Lawrence's electromagnetic theory fundamentally changed the new technology of the human world and its development.
This society is characterized by the superiority of high technologies, informatization and computerization of all areas of society.High technology makes everyday life and work easier.The Internet has become an integral part of human society.post-industrial society is characterized not only by universal informatization, but also by the fact that its main resource is a person, or rather, his intellectual abilities.At the current stage of human development, not the military, but scientists have gained more value.Science began not only to serve people, but also to serve the military.It was in the twentieth century that the world "got acquainted" with new types of weapons such as atomic, hydrogen and neutron bombs.With the development of technology, new types of "killing devices" appeared.Thus, scientific and technical progress helps people and can destroy them at the same time.Scientific and Technical Progress The unprecedented progress of science and technology has largely determined the unique originality of the 21st century.The results of scientific and technical progress can literally be observed in all areas of life.Technology itself has become the most valuable commodity.He fully realized the process of turning science from a form of knowledge of the laws of the universe into a main tool.The transformation of the world is based on knowledge.Today's position of science is radically different from earlier times, when the scientist was perceived as a lone eccentric who solved the mysteries of nature with curiosity.Modern science is developed by scientific teams organized according to universal principles, and everyone is connected to technologies and their applications.New technologies have fundamentally changed the human world and its essence.In addition, they made human activity one of the factors within nature, the power of which is comparable to, and sometimes exceeds, the forces of nature itself.Now, many natural processes do not proceed as they would in the absence of human activity.Man has become a geological force on a planetary scale.The scientific revolution led to the emergence of non-classical science, which differs from the previous type of scientific knowledge in a number of important features.
Classical science originated in the 17th century.On its basis, classical mechanics and general mathematical natural science developed by I. Newton were based on the achievements of mathematics by R. Descartes, G. Leibniz and others.This type of scientific knowledge had a certain meaning.the picture of the world should be recognized as simplified from a non-classical point of view.Let's pay attention to some of its features -this matter will be considered in more detail later.First, the view of the classical world of science assumed the dominance of unambiguous and certain laws in nature -dynamic -and almost ignored statistical (probability) laws.Secondly, it was based on the premise of the possibility of the complete exclusion (elimination) of the subject, that is, the human being can be imagined from the object of knowledge -nature in such a way, "as if the person did not exist."Thirdly, it arose from the perception of man as a purely or predominantly rational being -the role of the irrational, dark principle in man was not fully known and ignored.The view of the world of classical science created the basis for the belief in the absolute victory of scientific thinking and the belief that all social and human problems will soon be solved with the development of science.During its several centuries of development, classical science has enriched human thinking with a number of brilliant achievements in the most diverse fields of knowledge.postclassical science did not reject the achievements of classical science, although at first it was about the destruction of the foundation of past scientific knowledge.From the second half of the 19th century, a number of scientific discoveries were made that indicated the emergence of a new, classical type of scientific knowledge.One of the first in this series was the creation of the electromagnetic field theory by J. Maxwell, which required the inclusion of some fundamental new provisions in the foundations of physics.This was followed by discoveries related to the detection of radioactivity (A.Becquerel, M. Sklodovska-Curie and others), No 155 which later led to the creation of the quantum theory of M. Planck.Quantum theory introduced physics into the unique world of elementary particles, the laws of which are remarkable for their unusualness and strangeness compared to the laws of classical physics.The creation of the theory of relativity by A. Einstein, which suggested the stability of the speed of light and the possibility of acceleration and deceleration of the flow of time, strengthened the belief in the unusual (non-classical) theses of the new science.To this was added a revision of the foundations of mathematics, which led to the creation of the theory of sets, as well as to the development of a new logic, significantly different from that founded by Aristotle, which existed without major changes for more than a few years.The new theories allowed G. Riemann and N. Lobachevsky to give a physical interpretation of non-Euclidean geometry, their ideas cannot but be surprising compared to Euclid's usual geometry.With the named discoveries, of course, the discoveries are not exhausted.But these are enough to draw conclusions about the novelty and unusualness of the new science -non-classical.In later times, these achievements were developed and enriched, understood from different points of view.Soon, many of them gave their practical results embodied in various technical devices.This period includes the formation of electronics that led to the creation of the first computers, the use of radars, remote control and automation, the creation of nuclear weapons and the beginning of work on thermonuclear weapons, and the development of projects for peaceful use.Atomic power, experimental jet aircraft, including supersonic speed, the widespread use of radio, the first steps of television, etc.The technological revolution of the 20th century was a continuation and qualitative development.The automation of production processes related to the first stage of the technological revolution was a fundamentally new step compared to automation.The process of automation began in the late 1940s and 1950s, and after the Second World War, it was particularly intense.The next step of the technological revolution was informatization.Informatization is related to the widespread use of computers and computer networks together with sophisticated means of communication.The computer has become a unique means of automating intellectual activity.If all the previous means of automation were related only to the material labor field and facilitated the work of the hands, not the head, computer-information technologies directly affected the intellectual field.As a result of the changes, information opportunities have not only increased many times, but on the contrary, they have become incomparable with the pre-computer era.The importance of the information revolution was realized in the 70s and 80s.
From that period, the importance of information as a tool of strong influence on social processes and people has increased dramatically.The introduction of satellite communication and other methods of information dissemination dramatically increases the possibilities of radio and television, including their influence on mass consciousness, and therefore on the direction and course of social processes.The struggle for control over the media is becoming part of the political struggle both within the country and at the international level.However, informatization has made it impossible for individual countries to exist separately; the desire to be isolated from the processes taking place outside the country's borders has become completely unrealizable.The brilliant achievements of science and technology have greatly changed the face of the world and man.The consequences of the technological revolution are manifold.It is clear that technical power has opened wide opportunities for spiritual development in various directions.But, as you can see, technology by itself does not lead to progress in spiritual, moral and cultural fields.The spiritual situation since the 20th century is more diverse and confused than in previous times.The power of technology presents many acute problems that need to be solved.It is enough to name the problem of nuclear safety and environmental danger.The social importance of technology is so obvious that it is not disputed by any philosopher of the 20th century.Some thinkers evaluate this role extremely positively, connecting great hopes with the progress of technology.Another group of thinkers is more cautious in assessing the role of technology, pointing out not only the advantages but also the dangers created by scientific and technical progress.This view should be classified as humanitarian.Representatives of the humanitarian approach express concern not only about the problems caused by scientific and technical progress (nuclear and ecological), but mainly about the danger of a person "losing his face" in front of technical power.In other words, a person who believes in the omnipotence of technological achievements can imperceptibly lose humanitarian values such as sympathy and compassion for one's neighbor, the values of goodness and beauty.In this situation, there will be a danger of dehumanization of social and interpersonal relations.This danger is quite real and its reality can be observed everywhere, including in our country.Therefore, from now on, we will mainly stick to the humanitarian approach.Over the course of the century, waves of technocratic sentiments and expectations arose repeatedly.As a rule, they were associated with a new breakthrough in science and technology.Yes, in the early 1960s.special hopes were placed on automation.A little later -solving the problem of thermonuclear fusion, which will provide humanity with practically inexhaustible sources of energy.In the 70s and 80s.hopes for the progress of biological science became popular, promising attractive prospects in the field of genetic engineering and other directions.It is characteristic that each time the next achievement is taken as a kind.a life-saving stick", like a magic key that opens the door to an instant solution to all problems.Today, some authors pin the same hopes on informatization and computers.It is of particular importance to characterize technological progress by its fundamental feature, unpredictability, and their consequences, including negative ones.Therefore, man must be constantly ready to respond to the challenges of his creation: the artificial world of technical devices can not only bring benefits, but also cause irreparable harm to people and the environment.
It is clear that the result of the philosophical understanding of scientific and technical progress should be considered, first of all, as an understanding of the importance of constant "control" of the negative consequences of the development of science and technology.The task of recognizing the threat and devising an adequate response is not a one-size-fits-all solution that excludes both the excessive praise of technology and the curse addressed to it.In the 19th century, speculative ideas about the atomistic structure of matter became solid experimental foundations.
Scientists found the atomic weight of many chemical elements, created models, discovered the phenomenon of isomerism of chemical elements of molecular structures, introduced the concept of valency.The development of synthetic organic chemistry began J. DALTON (1766-1844) English physicist and chemist, who played a major role in the development of atomistic ideas about chemistry, discovered several new empirical laws: the law of partial pressures (Dalton's law), the law of solubility of gases in liquids (Henri-Dalton's law) and finally the law of multiple proportions (1803).He introduced the concept of atomic mass and compiled the first DI Mendeleev table of relative atomic masses of elements in 1803, taking the mass of the hydrogen atom as a unit.D. I. Mendeleev (1834 -1907) Great Russian scientist; discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, which is the natural scientific basis of the modern theory of matter.. D.K. MAXWELL Prominent English physicist, creator of electromagnetic field theory and electromagnetic theory of light.In 1864, Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism received experimental confirmation and became the universally recognized classical basis of modern physics.Light is a type of electromagnetic waves.Russian physiologist and pedagogue Sechenov gave a natural scientific explanation of conscious and unconscious manifestations of human activity in his classic work "Brain Reflexes" (1866).He interpreted reflexes as an automated stereotyped response of the body to external stimuli and divided them into unconditioned (innate) and conditioned (acquired).The evolution of the world The development of scientific thought in the 19th century radically changed people's perception of the world around them.These and many other evolutionary approaches to understanding nature and society -the structure of animate and inanimate matter and living organisms, the regularities of natural phenomena and social development -were increasingly included in the scientific circulation.C. R. DARWIN (1809 -1882) defined the main factors of the evolution of the living world and its laws in his work "Origin of species by means of natural selection" (1859).Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845-1916) -Russian and French biologist.One of the founders of evolutionary embryology, the discoverer of phagocytosis and intracellular digestion, the creator of comparative No 155 inflammatory pathology, the theory of phagocytic immunity, the theory of phagocytella, and created the foundations of scientific gerontology.O. KONT (1798-1857) French philosopher, sociologist, economist, writer, public figure, founder of dialectical and historical materialism.Marxism presented the development of society as a change of socio-economic formations (primitive communal, slave, feudal, capitalist, communist).Throughout the 19th century, the process of separation of school education from the church, the formation of a secular school took place.Compulsory education covered children from 6 to 12-13 years old.A transition was made to the public school system in primary education.In most countries, a network of secondary comprehensive schools, called gymnasiums or lyceums, has developed.They taught humanities and natural sciences.The 19th century was the beginning of mass education for women.Mass literacy, the growth of the intelligentsia became a factor of progress and changed the face of the world.In the second half of the 19th century, daily newspapers began to be published in almost all countries of the world.Various magazines (literary, scientific popular, etc.).Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brokhaus and I.A. Ephron U.S. Library of Congress Public Library in St. Petersburg Scientific-Technical Progress and Society The 19th century began as the "steam age" and ended with the transition from steam power to electricity and internal combustion engines.has reached.The energy capabilities of advanced countries and the possibilities related to the application of new technologies.production has expanded.Scientific and technical progress has also had its effect on domestic culture.Russian electrical engineer, military engineer, inventor and entrepreneur Yablochkov, who laid the foundation for the first practically applied electric lighting system known for the development of the arc lamp (it went down in history under the name "Yablochkov's candle") P.N.Yablochkov The first experiment showed the great advantage of the candle compared to gas lighting."Russian light" appeared in the capitals: Paris, London, Madrid, Berlin, Naples -and spread to the east.In the spring of 1876, he completed work on the creation of a summer lamp without a regulator.On March 23, 1876, Pavel Yablochkov received French patent number 112024.
In Europe, companies began to use the Yablochkov candle.The use of the Yablochkov candle led to new inventions and improvements.Instead of the old regulators, Yablochkov used transformers World-famous American inventor Edison received 1,908 patents in the United States and about 3,000 patents in other countries.peace He improved the telegraph, telephone, cinema equipment, developed one of the first successful versions of the electric incandescent lamp.He created a super-powerful electric generator and took part in the construction and operation of the world's first central heating power plant with an extensive power supply network in New York (1881) T. A. EDISON Edison invented the alkaline iron-nickel battery, the fuse, the rotary switch, the megaphone.He participated in the creation of medicines, dyes and other materials, and developed the process of obtaining liquid products from the distillation of synthetic phenol and coal.He founded electronics and invented his own method for beneficiating iron ore.N. I. Pirogov Russian surgeon and anatomist, naturalist and teacher, creator of the first atlas of topographical anatomy, founder of Russian military field surgery, founder of the Russian school of anesthesia.N. I. Pirogov "created new research methods in the study of anatomy, created new methods in clinical medicine, military field surgery was also created.In these works, he gave a method in the philosophical and scientific part, confirmed the superiority of the method and showed an example of using this method.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch naturalist who founded the microscope designer, scientific microscopy -microbiology, studied various structures of many living things with his microscope.
French microbiologist L. Pasteur studied infectious diseases (anthrax, rabies, night blindness, rubella, etc.).He proposed a method of vaccination against these and other infectious diseases using attenuated cultures of the relevant pathogens.He proposed to call weakened cultures inoculation and the procedure for their application -inoculation.In 1880, Pasteur determined the viral nature of rabies.The idea of a contradiction between technical and cultural progress has been and is being expressed by many philosophers.There is such an opinion that the death of No 155 culture will come due to the influence of technological progress, it will be subject to technology and will collapse and die.This technological progress led to cultural regression: Painting was replaced by photographs, polygamy, belts, bracelets and necklaces replaced clothes, the complete collapse of all arts and poetry instead of music -waves of meaningless tones.and dispassionate and expressionless voices and melodies disappeared.Another main cause of social disasters is the increasing disproportion between the level of development of technology and morality in modern society.A number of scientists are against the division of a single human culture into two segments.This is explained by the fact that scientists are based not only on scientific principles, but also on humanistic values in their activities.The humanities, for their part, enjoy using technology.Many Western philosophers of technology believe that culture is essentially one and that this unity is based on creative material and spiritual activity.What is the relationship between technology and culture?Above all, technology is the most important cultural value.The field of culture is not limited to the values of classical art, ethics, and science.In addition to the spiritual, culture also has a material part, which includes technology as an activity and its means, embodying human knowledge.Advanced technical means, the ability to use them and mastering and improving skills are the most important factors in the development and functioning of culture.A modern cultured person should be able to use many technical tools.Technology plays a major role in this development of human culture.
As human consciousness develops, it understands more about life and what it wants from life increases more.That's why Man is constantly moving towards development and as a species struggles with life and turns to science to satisfy his needs.Rather, real science arises out of necessity.Man's need for calculation methods led to the creation of the computer.In other words, the computer was born out of necessity.That's why science will always go towards Development, just as people's needs do not end.Undoubtedly, information communication technologies are among the fastest developing sciences.So, firstly, as Science developed, people began to use these number systems more and as a result, No 155 they managed to create computers using the binary number system.Already people were carrying out computing operations with the help of these systems.
Formal judgment is based on the idea that artificial intelligence-equipped devices can mechanize the human thought process.The concept of mechanical or formal judgment has a long history.Chinese, Indian, and Greek philosophers perfected all the structural methods of formal judgment during the first thousand years before Christ.Their ideas have been used for centuries by Aristotle, Euclid, Socrates, Al-Khwarizmi (Algorithm), William Occam, Dans Scotas, etc.It was taken further by philosophers such as A chip developed by scientists could form the basis of computers that resemble the human brain.
A traditional computer has separate memory and processor modules, so all data must be transferred between those modules.The human brain surpasses even the most modern computers in this respect because it processes and stores information in one place (connections between neurons or synapses).An international team of scientists from Germany and Great Britain has succeeded in creating hardware that can form the basis of computers that resemble the human brain.Scientists have succeeded in producing a chip consisting of an artificial neural network that works with light and mimics the behavior of neurons and their synapses.Scientists have conducted research to mimic the intricate functions of the human brain.Biologists have noted that the human brain, which has a total of 90 billion nerve cells and more than a trillion connections called "synapses", cannot be imitated.So, as a result of many studies, they came across a very interesting result.
To study just 1 second of the activity of a normal human brain, a machine with the power of 82,000 computer processors is needed.According to this result, at least a petabyte of energy is needed to store the activities of the human brain.
As can be seen from the results of the research, the human brain is superior to computers and other mechanisms in terms of language ability, thinking technique, emotional intelligence.It is not known what will happen in the future, but at least this is the reality today.According to Elon Musk, artificial intelligence will soon surpass humans in all

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The road to development Developments 1942-the first atomic reactor was built in the United States.1953-The structure of the DNA molecule was deciphered.1957-The first satellite was launched into space.(USSR).1961 -the first manned space flight (USSR).1965 -the first manned space flight (USSR).1969 -Man's flight to the moon (USA).1976 -The personal computer appeared.1960-1990 years.physics, chemistry, engineering, etc.
Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific and Practical Conference «Modern Knowledge: Research and Discoveries» (May 19-20, 2023).Vancouver, Canada This work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).