INFORMATION AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES

. Securing information security in open corporate networks is crucial, and building defense systems against potential threats is a critical step towards ensuring the availability, completeness, and confidentiality of system clients. Integrated information security systems play a pivotal role in safeguarding an organization's assets by identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of the various types of attacks that may be directed towards an information system and analyze them to prevent and mitigate the impact of such attacks. By taking proactive measures to protect against DDoS attacks and other types of cyber-attacks, organizations can minimize the risk of downtime, data breaches, and financial loss, ensuring the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of their systems and clients.


No 151
Introduction. With the increasing reliance on technology and digitization, the importance of information security has become increasingly relevant in recent decades. To meet the growing demand for secure systems, a conceptual model has been developed that aims to provide comprehensive and intelligent solutions to the security challenges facing modern businesses.
The model is based on several key provisions that are essential to achieving effective information security. Firstly, it requires the use of advanced intelligent integrated security tools to protect mass-produced data in industrial environments. This includes a range of security measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, antivirus software, and advanced threat protection systems. Secondly, the model relies on the presence of highly professional experts and organizations that are capable of dealing with the complex and evolving challenges of information security. This includes IT security professionals, risk managers, legal experts, and regulators who work together to ensure the safety and integrity of information systems. Thirdly, the model requires a well-defined concept aimed at solving information security problems. This includes a clear understanding of the threats facing businesses today, the risks associated with different types of data, and the strategies that can be used to mitigate those risks. Finally, the model is informed by practical experience gained through years of trial and error in implementing information security measures. This includes an understanding of the limitations of existing security measures, as well as the need to continuously update and improve security protocols to stay ahead of evolving threats.
Despite the progress that has been made in the field of information security, the threats to the security of protected information are not decreasing. On the contrary, there is an increase in activity in this area, with attackers constantly developing new techniques and strategies to infiltrate information systems and steal valuable data.
As a result, it is crucial for system management, No 151 administrators, employees, and users to work together to protect information security. This requires a joint effort to ensure that data protection is implemented in a continuous, specific, accurate, reliable, and comprehensive manner. To achieve this, businesses must develop a conceptual model that takes into account the real situation, environment, and potential movements of information security. This includes an understanding of the degree of importance (value) of the data to be protected, the potential threats that may be directed against these data, and the sources and implementation methods of those threats.
An attack is a potential threat aimed at a victim information system by malicious individuals or groups. The primary goal of an attack is to obtain the resources of the information system or disrupt its accessibility either wholly or partially. To prevent these attacks, it is imperative to have a robust and comprehensive understanding of the different types of attacks, including DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, which are one of the most prevalent forms of attacks that can cripple an organization's digital infrastructure.
DDoS attacks are orchestrated by using compromised devices to flood a target network with traffic. The severity of these attacks can range from a brief interruption in service to a total network shutdown, causing significant damage to an organization's reputation, financial stability, and data integrity. To prevent DDoS attacks, it is crucial to understand the various types of attacks.
To safeguard against DDoS attacks, it is essential to implement various measures, including implementing a multilayered defense system, monitoring network traffic, performing regular vulnerability assessments, implementing rate-limiting policies, using content delivery networks (CDNs), keeping software and hardware up-to-date, developing an incident response plan, and educating employees about the risks of DDoS attacks.

Understanding DDoS Attacks and Their Impact on Information Security.
Ensuring information security is crucial for businesses and organizations, as it involves protecting the No 151 confidentiality, availability, and integrity of their systems and data. Any breach of these provisions can lead to significant harm, both in terms of financial losses and reputational damage. One of the most common threats to information security is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which are malicious attempts to disrupt the availability of a network resource, such as a website or an online service. There are three most common types of DDoS attack ( Fig.1):

Types of DDoS attack
The ultimate goal of a DDoS attack is to cause a denial of service by overwhelming the targeted resource with traffic, thereby rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users. Such attacks can be carried out by a large network of compromised computers, known as a botnet, which is controlled by the attacker. The attack can also be initiated through spoofed IP addresses, making it difficult to trace the source of the attack. A DDoS attack occurs when a large number of compromised computers, known as bots or zombies, are used to flood a targeted system or network with traffic, overwhelming it and causing it to become unavailable to legitimate users. There are several different types of DDoS attacks, each with its own unique characteristics and methods of attack.
Here are some of the most common types of DDoS attacks: 1. Volumetric Attacks: These attacks focus on overwhelming the target system with a massive amount of traffic. The traffic can be in the form of UDP, ICMP or TCP packets. Attackers use botnets to generate traffic and increase the attack power.
2. TCP State-Exhaustion Attacks: These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the TCP protocol to exhaust the system  No 151 resources, such as memory or CPU, and cause it to become unresponsive to legitimate traffic.
3. Application Layer Attacks: These attacks target the application layer of a system and try to exhaust its resources by sending legitimate-looking requests that require extensive processing, such as HTTP requests.
4. Protocol Attacks: These attacks target the underlying protocols of a system, such as DNS, SMTP, and HTTP. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in these protocols to cause the system to become unavailable.
5. Reflection/Amplification Attacks: These attacks use publicly accessible servers to amplify the attack traffic and make it more powerful. Attackers send spoofed requests to open servers, which then respond to the victim with a flood of traffic.
6. IoT Botnet Attacks: IoT (Internet of Things) botnet attacks are a new type of DDoS attack that have emerged in recent years. In this type of attack, IoT devices such as smart home appliances, routers, and security cameras are compromised and used as part of a botnet to launch DDoS attacks. These attacks are particularly effective as there are many IoT devices with weak security that can be easily compromised.
7. SYN Flood Attacks: SYN flood attacks are a type of DDoS attack that exploits the TCP protocol's three-way handshake process. In a SYN flood attack, the attacker sends a large number of SYN requests to the target system, but never completes the handshake process, causing the system to become unresponsive to legitimate traffic. 8. Slowloris Attacks: Slowloris attacks are a type of application layer attack that exploit vulnerabilities in the way web servers handle connections. In a Slowloris attack, the attacker opens a large number of connections to the target web server, but sends incomplete requests and keeps the connections open for as long as possible. This causes the server to become unresponsive to legitimate traffic.
The Slowloris DDoS attack has been shown to be highly effective against many popular web server software such as Apache 1.x and 2.x. (Fig.2 No 151 Figure 2 Slowloris DDoS attack 9. HTTP Flood Attacks: HTTP flood attacks are a type of application layer attack that focuses on overwhelming a web server with HTTP requests. These requests can be legitimate, but the sheer volume of requests is what causes the server to become unresponsive (Fig 3).

Orléans, France
No 151 number of HTTP requests overwhelms the server, resulting in a denial of service. This type of attack varies from simple to complex.
10. ICMP Flood Attacks: ICMP flood attacks are a type of volumetric attack that exploit the ICMP protocol to send large amounts of traffic to the target system. ICMP flood attacks are particularly effective against systems that prioritize ICMP traffic (Fig 4).

Protecting IT systems against DDoS attacks.
Given the serious nature of these attacks, it is imperative that businesses and organizations take proactive measures to protect their IT systems against DDoS attacks. In this article, we will outline some practical steps that businesses and organizations can take to protect their IT systems against DDoS attacks. These steps include both preventive and reactive measures that can help organizations reduce the risk of a successful DDoS attack and minimize the impact in case of an attack. By implementing these measures, businesses and organizations can safeguard their online services and ensure the continued availability of their digital platforms.

No 151
Here are some practical steps to guard IT systems against DDoS attacks: -Implement a multi-layered defense system: Organizations should implement multiple layers of security, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and anti-DDoS solutions, to provide comprehensive protection against DDoS attacks. This will help detect and mitigate attacks at different levels of the network stack.
-Monitor network traffic: Monitoring network traffic is essential to detect DDoS attacks in their early stages. Tools such as network flow analysis and packet capture can help identify suspicious traffic patterns and enable organizations to take proactive measures to mitigate the attack.
-Perform regular vulnerability assessments: Regular vulnerability assessments can help identify weaknesses in the IT system and ensure that defenses are up to date and effective.
-Implement rate-limiting policies: Rate-limiting policies can help limit the amount of traffic that is allowed to enter the IT system. This can help reduce the impact of DDoS attacks by limiting the amount of traffic that the system needs to process.
-Use content delivery networks (CDNs): CDNs can help mitigate DDoS attacks by distributing traffic across multiple servers and data centers. This can help absorb the impact of the attack and prevent the target system from becoming overwhelmed.
-Keep software and hardware up to date: Regularly updating software and hardware can help ensure that systems are protected against the latest DDoS attack methods.
-Develop an incident response plan: Having an incident response plan in place can help minimize the impact of a DDoS attack. The plan should include steps for detecting and mitigating attacks, as well as communication protocols for notifying relevant stakeholders.
-Educate employees: Educating employees about the risks of DDoS attacks and how to identify suspicious activity can help prevent attacks from being successful. Employees should be trained on how to report suspicious activity and who to contact in the event of an attack.

Orléans, France
No 151 -By implementing these practical steps, organizations can help protect their IT systems against DDoS attacks and minimize the impact of any attacks that do occur RESULT. The article emphasizes the significance of information security in open corporate networks and the critical role of integrated security systems in identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities. The article explains Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, one of the most prevalent types of cyber-attacks, which can cripple an organization's digital infrastructure. It highlights the importance of understanding the various types of DDoS attacks and implementing measures to safeguard against them, such as a multi-layered defense system, network traffic monitoring, regular vulnerability assessments, rate-limiting policies, content delivery networks (CDNs), incident response plans, and cybersecurity education. The article concludes that proactive measures can minimize the risk of downtime, data breaches, and financial loss, ensuring the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of systems and clients.